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  1. ↑ Wood, Peter (2003). “The Birth of Race-Based Slavery”. Slate. (May 19, 2015): Reprinted from "Strange New Land: Africans in Colonial America" by Peter H. Wood with permission from Oxford University Press. ©1996, 2003. 
  2. ↑ Walton Jr, Hanes; Puckett, Sherman C.; Deskins, Donald R. biên tập (2012). “Chapter 4”. The African American Electorate: A Statistical History I. CQ Press. tr. 84. ISBN 978-087289508-9. 
  3. ↑ Smith, Julia Floyd (1973). Slavery and Plantation Growth in Antebellum Florida, 1821–1860. Gainesville: University of Florida Press. tr. 44–46. ISBN 978-0-8130-0323-8. 
  4. ↑ McDonough, Gary W. (1993). The Florida Negro. A Federal Writers' Project Legacy. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-0878055883. 
  5. ↑ Stephen D. Behrendt, David Richardson, and David Eltis, W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for African and African-American Research, Harvard University. Based on "records for 27,233 voyages that set out to obtain slaves for the Americas". Stephen Behrendt (1999). “Transatlantic Slave Trade”. Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. New York: Basic Civitas Books. ISBN 978-0-465-00071-5. 
  6. ↑ Introduction – Social Aspects of the Civil War Lưu trữ July 14, 2007, tại Wayback Machine., National Park Service.
  7. ↑ “Why Did So Many Christians Support Slavery?”. christianitytoday.com. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 8 năm 2017.